The foundation is the base of a structure that supports its weight and transfers it to the ground. There are two main types of foundations: shallow foundations and deep foundations.
Shallow foundations are those that are located within 3 meters (10 feet) of the ground surface. They are typically used in soils that have good bearing capacity, such as sand and gravel.
The foundation is the base of a structure that supports its weight and transfers it to the ground. There are two main types of foundations: shallow foundations and deep foundations.
Shallow foundations can be divided into four types:
Deep foundations are those that are located below 3 meters (10 feet) of the ground surface. They are used in soils that have poor bearing capacity, such as soft clays. Deep foundations can be divided into two types:
The type of foundation that is used depends on the soil conditions, the size and weight of the structure, and the cost.
Here is a table that summarizes the different types of foundations and their uses:
Type of foundation |
Description |
Use |
Individual footing |
Supports a single column or wall. |
Good bearing capacity soils. |
Combined footing |
Supports two or more columns that are close together. |
Good bearing capacity soils. |
Strip footing |
Supports a continuous wall. |
Good bearing capacity soils. |
Raft foundation |
Large, flat slab that supports the entire structure. |
Poor bearing capacity soils. |
Pile foundation |
Long, slender members that are driven or drilled into the ground. |
Poor bearing capacity soils. |
Drilled shaft |
Large, cylindrical holes that are drilled into the ground. |
Poor bearing capacity soils. |
It is important to consult with a structural engineer to determine the best type of foundation for your specific project.